phrenology

简明释义

英[frəˈnɒlədʒi]美[frəˈnɑːlədʒi]

n. 颅相学，骨相学

复 数 p h r e n o l o g i e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Craniology, phrenology and eugenics, once-respectable fields of endeavour that are now regarded with a shudder, may shriek from time to time, but few sane people pay attention to them.

颅，颅相学和优生学，曾经让人倾尽努力研究的体面领域现如今让人不寒而粟，锁在阁楼里偶尔会尖叫两声，但很少有正常的人会注意到他们。

2.Craniology, phrenology and eugenics, once-respectable fields of endeavour that are now regarded with a shudder, may shriek from time to time, but few sane people pay attention to them.

颅，颅相学和优生学，曾经让人倾尽努力研究的体面领域现如今让人不寒而粟，锁在阁楼里偶尔会尖叫两声，但很少有正常的人会注意到他们。

3.Phrenology was once considered a science, but now we know the theory has no scientific basis. So it should be called a pseudoscience.

颅相学一度被认为是科学，但现在人们认为它缺乏科学根据。

4.Then we analyze an anti-rational tendency through hegel's discussion of physiognomy and phrenology in phenomenology of spirit.

接着，我们通过黑格尔《精神现象学》中对面相学和头盖骨相学的论述，分析了一种反理性的倾向。

5.Though absurdly unscientific even for its time, phrenology was remarkably prescient - up to a point.

尽管颅相学在当时显得不符合科学原理，是荒谬的，在某种程度上，颅相学仍是非常有先见性的。

6.Parsons was a committed believer in phrenology.

帕森斯是一位坚定的颅相学信徒。

7.In the 19th century, many people were fascinated by phrenology, which is the study of the shape and size of the skull as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities.

在19世纪，许多人对颅相学感到着迷，这是一种研究头骨的形状和大小作为性格和智力能力的假定指标的学问。

8.The popularity of phrenology led to the establishment of many schools that taught its principles.

颅相学的流行导致许多学校的建立，这些学校教授其原则。

9.Critics argue that phrenology lacks scientific validity and is based on pseudoscience.

批评者认为颅相学缺乏科学有效性，并且基于伪科学。

10.Some early psychologists used phrenology to assess their patients' mental states.

一些早期心理学家使用颅相学来评估患者的心理状态。

11.Despite its decline, phrenology still influences certain modern practices in alternative medicine.

尽管颅相学已衰退，但它仍然影响某些现代替代医学的实践。

作文

Phrenology, a term derived from the Greek words 'phren' meaning mind and 'logos' meaning study, refers to the study of the shape and size of the skull as an indication of character and mental abilities. This pseudoscientific theory gained popularity in the early 19th century, primarily through the work of Franz Joseph Gall, who proposed that different areas of the brain correspond to different personality traits. According to phrenology (颅相学), the contours of the skull could reveal one's intellectual capacities and moral character. Although it was widely accepted during its peak, phrenology (颅相学) is now regarded as a flawed and unscientific practice. The allure of phrenology (颅相学) stemmed from its promise of understanding human behavior through observable physical traits. Proponents believed that by examining the bumps and depressions on a person's skull, they could ascertain their strengths, weaknesses, and even potential for criminal behavior. This idea resonated with many during a time when scientific explanations for human behavior were still developing. However, the methodology of phrenology (颅相学) was not based on rigorous scientific evidence, leading to significant criticism from the scientific community. As the field of psychology evolved, the limitations of phrenology (颅相学) became more apparent. The notion that personality traits could be determined solely by cranial features was simplistic and reductionist. Modern neuroscience has shown that the brain is far more complex than what phrenology (颅相学) suggested, and personality is influenced by a myriad of factors including genetics, environment, and social interactions. Despite its eventual decline, phrenology (颅相学) left a lasting impact on the fields of psychology and anthropology. It sparked interest in the relationship between biology and behavior, paving the way for more scientifically valid approaches to understanding the mind. Researchers began to explore the brain's structure and function in more depth, leading to advancements in neuropsychology and cognitive science. Moreover, phrenology (颅相学) also raised ethical questions regarding determinism and free will. If one's personality could be predicted by the shape of their skull, what implications would that have for personal responsibility? These discussions continue to resonate in contemporary debates about genetics and behavior, illustrating the enduring legacy of phrenology (颅相学). In conclusion, while phrenology (颅相学) is no longer considered a legitimate scientific discipline, its historical significance cannot be overlooked. It serves as a reminder of the importance of critical thinking and the need for empirical evidence in the pursuit of knowledge. As we continue to explore the complexities of the human mind, we must remain vigilant against oversimplified theories that seek to explain behavior without considering the full spectrum of influences at play. The journey from phrenology (颅相学) to modern psychology reflects the evolution of our understanding of human nature, highlighting the importance of scientific rigor in the study of ourselves.

颅相学是一个源自希腊语的术语，其中“phren”意为心智，“logos”意为研究，指的是通过头骨的形状和大小来判断个性和智力的学说。这一伪科学理论在19世纪初期广受欢迎，主要得益于弗朗茨·约瑟夫·加尔的研究，他提出大脑的不同区域对应于不同的个性特征。根据phrenology（颅相学），头骨的轮廓可以揭示一个人的智力能力和道德品质。尽管在其巅峰时期被广泛接受，但phrenology（颅相学）如今被视为一种缺陷和不科学的实践。 phrenology（颅相学）的吸引力源于它承诺通过可观察的身体特征来理解人类行为的可能性。支持者认为，通过检查一个人的头骨上的隆起和凹陷，他们可以确定其优缺点，甚至潜在的犯罪行为。这一观点在科学对人类行为的解释仍在发展的时代引起了许多人的共鸣。然而，phrenology（颅相学）的研究方法并没有基于严格的科学证据，导致科学界的重大批评。 随着心理学领域的发展，phrenology（颅相学）的局限性变得越来越明显。仅仅通过头骨特征来决定个性特征的观点过于简单和还原主义。现代神经科学表明，大脑的复杂性远超过phrenology（颅相学）所暗示的，个性受到遗传、环境和社会互动等多种因素的影响。 尽管最终衰退，phrenology（颅相学）对心理学和人类学领域产生了持久的影响。它激发了对生物学与行为之间关系的兴趣，为更科学有效的方法铺平了道路。研究人员开始深入探索大脑的结构和功能，推动了神经心理学和认知科学的进步。 此外，phrenology（颅相学）还引发了关于决定论和自由意志的伦理问题。如果一个人的个性可以通过头骨的形状来预测，那将对个人责任产生什么影响？这些讨论在当代关于遗传与行为的辩论中依然引起共鸣，说明了phrenology（颅相学）的持久遗产。 总之，虽然phrenology（颅相学）不再被视为一种合法的科学学科，但其历史意义不容忽视。它提醒我们在追求知识时批判性思维的重要性，以及对实证证据的需求。在我们继续探索人类心智的复杂性时，我们必须警惕那些试图通过简化理论来解释行为的观点，而不考虑影响因素的全方位。这一从phrenology（颅相学）到现代心理学的旅程反映了我们对人性理解的演变，突显了在研究自身时科学严谨性的重要性。