plastids

简明释义

英[ˈplæstɪdz]美[ˈplæstɪdz]

n. 色素体；原质体；质粒体（plastid 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Once the sea slug has eaten enough algae, and gained enough plastids, it can live off just sunlight for up to nine months.

一旦海蛤蝓吃饱了海藻，储备够了叶绿体，它能仅仅靠阳光就能生活最多9个月。

2.Regulation of foreign gene expression in plastids is influenced by various factors.

外源基因在质体中的表达调控受多种因素影响。

3.The plastids developed as the so called proplastids.

质体转变为所谓的原质体。

4.Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a ubiquitous copper metalloprotein in the plastids of many plant species, fungi and insects.

多酚氧化酶是一类普遍存在于植物、真菌、昆虫的质体中，由核基因编码能与铜相结合的金属蛋白酶。

5.The structure of chloroplast was integrity, osmiophilic granule was dispersing in plastids.

叶绿体等细胞器结构完整，嗜锇颗粒分散在质体中。

6.The SEs were rich in mitochondria, P type plastids, and some SEs had nacreous wall.

筛分子内有较丰富的线粒体、P型质体，有些筛分子有珠光壁。

7.Caroteinoids, which have a range of diverse biological functions and actions, are orange, yellow, or red pigments present in all plastids.

类胡萝卜素是一类橘黄、黄色或红色的色素，存在于质体中，具有许多不同的生物功能和生物活性。

8.The application and improvement of these systems will greatly enhance the specific and effective expression of the transgenes, and achieve high-level accumulations of foreign proteins in plastids.

这些技术策略的应用及改进将提高转基因在质体中特异有效表达，实现外源蛋白在质体中高水平积累。

9.In plant cells, plastids play a crucial role in photosynthesis.

在植物细胞中，质体 在光合作用中起着至关重要的作用。

10.There are different types of plastids, such as chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

有不同类型的 质体，例如叶绿体和白色质体。

11.The green color of leaves is due to the presence of plastids called chloroplasts.

叶子的绿色是由于存在一种叫做叶绿体的 质体。

12.During the process of cell division, plastids can be evenly distributed between daughter cells.

在细胞分裂过程中，质体 可以在子细胞之间均匀分配。

13.Some plastids store starch, while others are involved in pigment synthesis.

一些 质体 储存淀粉，而另一些则参与色素合成。

作文

Plastids are essential organelles found in the cells of plants and some algae. They play a crucial role in various cellular functions, including photosynthesis, storage, and the synthesis of important biomolecules. The term 'plastid' is derived from the Greek word 'plastos,' which means 'formed' or 'molded.' There are several types of plastids (质体), each with distinct functions that contribute to the overall health and functionality of plant cells. One of the most well-known types of plastids (质体) is the chloroplast. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. This process not only provides energy for the plant itself but also produces oxygen as a byproduct, which is essential for life on Earth. Without chloroplasts, plants would not be able to harness solar energy, and consequently, the entire food chain would collapse. Another important type of plastid (质体) is the chromoplast. Chromoplasts are responsible for the pigmentation of fruits and flowers, giving them their vibrant colors. These pigments can attract pollinators and seed dispersers, playing a vital role in the reproductive success of flowering plants. The bright colors produced by chromoplasts can signal to animals that the fruit is ripe and ready for consumption, thus aiding in seed dispersal. In addition to chloroplasts and chromoplasts, there are also leucoplasts, which are non-pigmented plastids (质体) involved in the storage of starches, oils, and proteins. Leucoplasts are particularly important in tuberous plants like potatoes, where they store energy in the form of starch. When the plant requires energy, these stored substances can be converted back into usable forms, ensuring the plant's survival during periods of low light or nutrient availability. The ability of plastids (质体) to change from one form to another is also noteworthy. For instance, a chloroplast can transform into a chromoplast during fruit ripening, showcasing the dynamic nature of these organelles. This adaptability is crucial for plants as they respond to changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, plastids (质体) are semi-autonomous organelles, meaning they have their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to replicate independently within the cell. This characteristic suggests that plastids (质体) may have originated from free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells in a symbiotic relationship—a theory known as endosymbiosis. This evolutionary history highlights the complexity and significance of plastids (质体) in the context of cellular evolution. In conclusion, plastids (质体) are vital components of plant cells that perform a variety of functions essential for the growth and survival of plants. From photosynthesis in chloroplasts to pigment production in chromoplasts and storage in leucoplasts, these organelles demonstrate the incredible versatility and adaptability of plant cells. Understanding plastids (质体) not only deepens our knowledge of plant biology but also emphasizes the importance of plants in sustaining life on Earth. As we continue to study these fascinating organelles, we gain insights that could inform agricultural practices and conservation efforts, ultimately benefiting both ecosystems and human societies.

质体是植物和某些藻类细胞中发现的重要细胞器。它们在多种细胞功能中发挥着关键作用，包括光合作用、储存和重要生物分子的合成。‘质体’一词源于希腊语‘plastos’，意为‘形成’或‘塑造’。有几种类型的质体（plastids），每种都有不同的功能，促进植物细胞的整体健康和功能。 最著名的质体（plastids）之一是叶绿体。叶绿体负责光合作用，即植物将光能转化为储存在葡萄糖中的化学能的过程。这个过程不仅为植物自身提供能量，还产生氧气作为副产品，这对地球上的生命至关重要。如果没有叶绿体，植物将无法利用太阳能，从而整个食物链将崩溃。 另一个重要的质体（plastids）类型是色素体。色素体负责水果和花朵的色素，使它们呈现出鲜艳的颜色。这些色素可以吸引授粉者和种子传播者，在开花植物的繁殖成功中发挥重要作用。色素体产生的鲜艳颜色可以向动物发出信号，表明水果已经成熟并准备好被食用，从而有助于种子的传播。 除了叶绿体和色素体，还有无色质体，这是一种非色素的质体（plastids），参与淀粉、油脂和蛋白质的储存。无色质体在像土豆这样的块茎植物中尤为重要，因为它们以淀粉的形式储存能量。当植物需要能量时，这些储存的物质可以转化为可用形式，确保植物在光照或养分不足的时期生存。 值得注意的是，质体（plastids）能够从一种形式转变为另一种形式。例如，叶绿体可以在果实成熟期间转变为色素体，展示了这些细胞器的动态特性。这种适应能力对于植物在应对环境条件变化时至关重要。 此外，质体（plastids）是半自主细胞器，这意味着它们拥有自己的DNA和核糖体，可以在细胞内独立复制。这一特征表明，质体（plastids）可能起源于被祖先真核细胞吞噬的自由生活原核生物，形成共生关系——这一理论称为内共生理论。这一进化历史突显了质体（plastids）在细胞进化背景下的复杂性和重要性。 总之，质体（plastids）是植物细胞的重要组成部分，执行多种对植物生长和生存至关重要的功能。从叶绿体中的光合作用到色素体中的色素生产，再到无色质体中的储存，这些细胞器展示了植物细胞的惊人多样性和适应性。理解质体（plastids）不仅加深了我们对植物生物学的认识，还强调了植物在维持地球生命中的重要性。随着我们继续研究这些迷人的细胞器，我们获得的见解可以为农业实践和保护工作提供信息，最终惠及生态系统和人类社会。