prions

简明释义

英[ˈpraɪ.ɒn]美[ˈpraɪ.ɑn]

n. 朊病毒；小蛋白粒（prion 的复数形式）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.I read recently that "prions", which are a type of protein, are been considered as conductors.

最近，我看了“朊病毒”，这是一种蛋白质，是被视为导体。

2.Previous research showed that prions bind readily to these types of surfaces and can initiate infection with remarkable efficiency.

此前研究显示朊蛋白可便捷地与这些表面类型结合并以不同寻常的效率启动感染过程。

3.The resilience of misfolded prions appears to be a key reason why chronic wasting disease has persisted and spread from its presumed starting point near Fort Collins, Colo.

结构异常的普恩蛋白适应力强，可能是慢性消耗病存续并扩散的关键因素。

4.Prions cause a number of fatal diseases such as mad cow disease in cattle, scrapie in sheep and kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans.

朊病毒是一种畸形的蛋白质，导致一些致命的疾病：如疯牛病，羊痒病，人类库鲁和克雅氏病(CJD, vCJD)。

5.By carefully measuring the rate at which proteasomes laboured, she found a clear correlation: as the clumps of prions in the sample got bigger, the proteasomes slowed down.

通过测试这些水解酶的工作速率，她发现了一个清晰的关系：当标本中的朊病毒团变大时水解酶的工作便慢了下来。

6.Prions cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (or “mad cow disease” in cattle) by rearranging the structure of normal proteins in their own image.

朊病毒通过按照自身结构重建正常蛋白结构来引发雅克氏病（或在牛身上引发“疯牛病”）。

7.In fact, at first glance, lack of prions seemed like a good thing because it made mice immune to prion infection.

事实上，在初期，缺少这种蛋白看起来和正常情况一样，因为它使老鼠免疫这种蛋白的缺失。

8.Nerve cells containing the prions stop working.

含有朊病毒的神经细胞失去正常功能。

9."Because there is no myelin damage at birth, we assumed prions are needed to maintain the quality of the myelin sheath, which diminishes throughout life," says Aguzzi.

因为老鼠在出生时没有髓磷脂损害，我们假设这种蛋白是为了维持髓磷脂的质量，并且在整个生命周期内会逐渐减小。

10.Researchers are studying how prions 朊病毒 cause neurodegenerative diseases.

研究人员正在研究朊病毒是如何导致神经退行性疾病的。

11.The transmission of prions 朊病毒 can occur through contaminated food.

通过污染的食物可以传播朊病毒。

12.In sheep, prions 朊病毒 are responsible for scrapie.

在绵羊中，朊病毒是导致擦伤病的原因。

13.Scientists are investigating the stability of prions 朊病毒 in various environments.

科学家正在研究朊病毒在不同环境中的稳定性。

14.The presence of prions 朊病毒 in brain tissue is a key indicator of disease.

脑组织中存在朊病毒是疾病的一个重要指标。

作文

Prions are a fascinating yet alarming topic in the field of biology and medicine. These infectious agents are composed solely of protein, lacking any nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA. This unique characteristic distinguishes prions (朊病毒) from other pathogens like bacteria and viruses, which contain genetic material. The discovery of prions (朊病毒) has revolutionized our understanding of infectious diseases and raised critical questions about the nature of life itself. The term 'prion' was first coined by Dr. Stanley Prusiner in 1982, who proposed that these proteins could induce abnormal folding of normal cellular proteins, leading to disease. This groundbreaking work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997. The most well-known diseases associated with prions (朊病毒) include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (commonly known as mad cow disease) in cattle. These disorders are characterized by neurodegeneration, resulting in severe neurological symptoms and ultimately death. One of the most striking aspects of prions (朊病毒) is their remarkable resistance to conventional methods of sterilization. Unlike bacteria and viruses, which can be killed by heat or disinfectants, prions (朊病毒) can withstand extreme conditions. This resilience poses significant challenges for public health and safety, particularly in the food supply chain and medical settings. For example, surgical instruments that come into contact with infected tissues must be treated with extreme caution to prevent the transmission of prions (朊病毒). The mechanism by which prions (朊病毒) propagate is both intriguing and perplexing. When a normal protein encounters an abnormal prion (朊病毒), it can undergo a conformational change, transforming into another prion (朊病毒). This process creates a chain reaction, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain and causing damage to neural tissue. This self-replicating nature of prions (朊病毒) challenges the traditional understanding of infectious agents and raises important questions about the origins of these proteins. Research on prions (朊病毒) continues to evolve, with scientists exploring potential treatments and preventive measures. Although there is currently no cure for prion (朊病毒) diseases, understanding the biology of these agents may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Additionally, ongoing surveillance and regulation are crucial in managing the risks associated with prions (朊病毒), especially in the context of animal husbandry and food production. In conclusion, prions (朊病毒) represent a unique class of infectious agents that challenge our understanding of biology and disease. Their ability to cause devastating neurodegenerative disorders, coupled with their resilience against sterilization, underscores the need for continued research and vigilance. As we advance our knowledge of prions (朊病毒), we must remain aware of their implications for public health and safety, ensuring that we are prepared to address the challenges they present in the future.

朊病毒是生物学和医学领域一个既迷人又令人担忧的话题。这些感染性因子仅由蛋白质组成，缺乏任何如DNA或RNA的核酸。这一独特特征使得prions（朊病毒）与其他病原体如细菌和病毒区分开来，因为后者含有遗传物质。prions（朊病毒）的发现彻底改变了我们对感染性疾病的理解，并提出了关于生命本质的重要问题。 “朊病毒”这一术语最早由斯坦利·普鲁辛（Dr. Stanley Prusiner）在1982年提出，他提出这些蛋白质可以诱导正常细胞蛋白质的不正常折叠，导致疾病。这一突破性的工作为他赢得了1997年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。与prions（朊病毒）密切相关的最著名疾病包括人类的克雅氏病和牛海绵状脑病（通常称为疯牛病）。这些疾病的特征是神经退行性变，导致严重的神经症状，最终死亡。 prions（朊病毒）最引人注目的方面之一是它们对传统消毒方法的显著抵抗力。与细菌和病毒不同，后者可以通过热量或消毒剂杀死，而prions（朊病毒）可以承受极端条件。这种韧性给公共卫生和安全带来了重大挑战，特别是在食品供应链和医疗环境中。例如，接触感染组织的外科器械必须小心处理，以防止prions（朊病毒）的传播。 prions（朊病毒）传播的机制既引人入胜又令人困惑。当正常蛋白质遇到异常prion（朊病毒）时，它可能会经历构象变化，转变为另一个prion（朊病毒）。这个过程创造了一种连锁反应，导致大脑中错误折叠蛋白的积累，造成神经组织的损伤。这种自我复制的特性挑战了我们对感染性因子的传统理解，并提出了关于这些蛋白质起源的重要问题。 关于prions（朊病毒）的研究持续发展，科学家们正在探索潜在的治疗和预防措施。尽管目前尚无治愈prion（朊病毒）疾病的方法，但了解这些因子的生物学可能会导致新的治疗策略。此外，持续的监测和管理在应对与prions（朊病毒）相关的风险中至关重要，尤其是在养殖和食品生产的背景下。 总之，prions（朊病毒）代表了一类独特的感染性因子，挑战着我们对生物学和疾病的理解。它们引起毁灭性神经退行性疾病的能力，加上它们对消毒的韧性，强调了继续研究和警惕的必要性。随着我们对prions（朊病毒）知识的深入，我们必须意识到它们对公共卫生和安全的影响，确保我们能够应对未来所带来的挑战。