retroviruses

简明释义

英[ˌrɛtrəʊˈvaɪəˌriːz]美[ˌrɛtroʊˈvaɪərˌaɪz]

n. [病毒]逆转录酶病毒（retrovirus 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In order to use retroviral-mediated gene transfer technology in clinical application, retroviral vector must be of high titer and free of detectable replication-competent retroviruses.

逆转录病毒介导的基因转移技术要过渡到临床应用，主要解决如何使病毒载体具有高滴度而不具有复制活性。

2.All fossil viruses discovered until now have been retroviruses, but borna viruses are not.

迄今发现的所有化石病毒都是逆转录病毒，但是博纳病毒却不是。

3.Thus, O3 is a promising method of inactivation of human retroviruses in the organism's liquids and blood preparations.

因此，臭氧是一种逆转录病毒灭活人类机体中的液体和血液制剂有前途的方法。

4.Tumors induced by some retroviruses and herpesvirus are very common in chickens.

反转录病毒及疱疹病毒可在鸡引起肿瘤。

5.Syncytin started as a surface protein on retroviruses that fused them to cells.

合胞体蛋白开始作为一种逆转录病毒表面蛋白，帮助病毒和细胞融合。

6.The team will also conduct tests to investigate whether so-called porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVS) from the pigs could infect human cells in culture.

该小组还将通过实验验证是否猪身上的内生性逆转滤过性病毒(一种致癌病毒)会在移植培育过程中感染到人身上。

7.The cell then reads the retrovirus's genes as if they were its own, and manufactures new retroviruses.

之后，宿主细胞读取逆转录病毒的基因就像它们自己的一样，并制造新的逆转录病毒。

8.In the study, researchers describe a series of amino acids in Ebola and Marburg viruses that resemble proteins in retroviruses known to suppress the immune system.

在这项研究中，研究者在埃博拉和马尔堡病毒中发现了类似于逆转录病毒蛋白质的氨基酸序列，这些蛋白质在逆转录病毒中被认为是用来抑制免疫系统的。

9.Scientists are researching how retroviruses 逆转录病毒 can be used in gene therapy.

科学家们正在研究如何利用逆转录病毒进行基因治疗。

10.HIV is one of the most well-known retroviruses 逆转录病毒 that affects millions worldwide.

HIV是全球影响数百万人的最著名的逆转录病毒之一。

11.Researchers are developing vaccines to combat retroviruses 逆转录病毒 like HIV.

研究人员正在开发疫苗以对抗像HIV这样的逆转录病毒。

12.The study focused on the transmission methods of retroviruses 逆转录病毒 in animal models.

这项研究集中于逆转录病毒在动物模型中的传播方式。

13.Understanding how retroviruses 逆转录病毒 replicate is crucial for developing antiviral drugs.

理解逆转录病毒如何复制对于开发抗病毒药物至关重要。

作文

Retroviruses are a fascinating group of viruses that have intrigued scientists and medical researchers for decades. These viruses possess a unique mechanism of replication that sets them apart from other types of viruses. Unlike typical viruses that directly insert their genetic material into a host cell, retroviruses (逆转录病毒) utilize an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genomes into DNA. This newly formed DNA is then integrated into the host's genome, allowing the virus to hijack the host's cellular machinery for its own replication. One of the most well-known examples of retroviruses (逆转录病毒) is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is responsible for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The impact of HIV on public health has been profound, leading to millions of deaths worldwide since it was first identified in the early 1980s. Understanding how retroviruses (逆转录病毒) operate is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures against such diseases. The life cycle of a retrovirus (逆转录病毒) begins when it attaches to a susceptible host cell. Once inside the cell, the virus releases its RNA and reverse transcriptase. The reverse transcriptase then synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from the viral RNA. This cDNA is subsequently integrated into the host's DNA by another viral enzyme called integrase. The integration of retroviral (逆转录病毒的) DNA into the host genome can lead to the production of new viral particles, which can exit the host cell to infect other cells. Research on retroviruses (逆转录病毒) has also uncovered the role they play in certain cancers. Some retroviruses (逆转录病毒) can carry oncogenes, which are genes that have the potential to cause cancer. When these oncogenes are integrated into the host cell's DNA, they can disrupt normal cell regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. This connection between retroviruses (逆转录病毒) and cancer has spurred significant research efforts aimed at understanding the mechanisms behind this process. In addition to their implications in human health, retroviruses (逆转录病毒) have also been explored for their potential therapeutic applications. Scientists have investigated the use of modified retroviruses (逆转录病毒) as vectors for gene therapy. By engineering retroviruses (逆转录病毒) to carry beneficial genes, researchers hope to correct genetic disorders or enhance the immune response against diseases like cancer. Despite the challenges posed by retroviruses (逆转录病毒), ongoing research continues to provide insights into their biology and potential applications. Advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have opened new avenues for combating the effects of retroviruses (逆转录病毒) on human health. As we deepen our understanding of these complex viruses, we pave the way for innovative strategies to prevent and treat the diseases they cause. In conclusion, retroviruses (逆转录病毒) represent a unique and significant area of study within virology and medicine. Their ability to integrate into host genomes and their association with serious health issues highlight the importance of continued research in this field. By unraveling the mysteries of retroviruses (逆转录病毒), we not only enhance our knowledge of viral behavior but also improve our capacity to develop effective therapies and preventative measures against the diseases they cause.

逆转录病毒是一类引人入胜的病毒，几十年来一直吸引着科学家和医学研究人员的兴趣。这些病毒具有独特的复制机制，使其与其他类型的病毒不同。与直接将遗传物质插入宿主细胞的典型病毒不同，逆转录病毒利用一种叫做逆转录酶的酶，将其RNA基因组转化为DNA。这种新形成的DNA随后被整合到宿主的基因组中，从而使病毒能够劫持宿主的细胞机制进行自身复制。 最著名的逆转录病毒的例子之一是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），它是导致获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）的原因。自20世纪80年代初首次被发现以来，HIV对公共卫生的影响深远，导致全球数百万人死亡。了解逆转录病毒的运作机制对于开发有效的治疗和预防措施至关重要。 逆转录病毒的生命周期始于它附着在易感的宿主细胞上。一旦进入细胞，病毒释放其RNA和逆转录酶。逆转录酶随后从病毒RNA合成互补DNA（cDNA）。这种cDNA随后通过另一种病毒酶整合酶整合到宿主的DNA中。逆转录病毒DNA的整合可以导致新的病毒颗粒的产生，这些颗粒可以离开宿主细胞感染其他细胞。 对逆转录病毒的研究还揭示了它们在某些癌症中的作用。一些逆转录病毒可以携带致癌基因，即有可能导致癌症的基因。当这些致癌基因被整合到宿主细胞的DNA中时，可能会破坏正常的细胞调节，导致细胞生长失控和肿瘤形成。这种逆转录病毒与癌症之间的联系促使了大量研究工作，旨在理解这一过程背后的机制。 除了对人类健康的影响外，逆转录病毒还被探索作为潜在的治疗应用。科学家们研究了使用修饰过的逆转录病毒作为基因治疗载体的可能性。通过工程化逆转录病毒以携带有益基因，研究人员希望纠正遗传疾病或增强对癌症等疾病的免疫反应。 尽管逆转录病毒带来了挑战，但持续的研究仍在不断提供对其生物学和潜在应用的见解。分子生物学和基因工程的进步为应对逆转录病毒对人类健康的影响开辟了新的途径。随着我们对这些复杂病毒的理解加深，我们为开发创新的策略以预防和治疗它们所引起的疾病铺平了道路。 总之，逆转录病毒代表了病毒学和医学研究中的一个独特且重要的领域。它们能够整合到宿主基因组中并与严重健康问题相关联，突显了该领域持续研究的重要性。通过揭示逆转录病毒的奥秘，我们不仅增强了对病毒行为的理解，还提高了开发有效疗法和预防措施的能力，以应对它们所引起的疾病。