scienter

简明释义

英[saɪˈentə(r)]美[saɪˈentər]

n. 明知；故意

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In some jurisdictions, statutes impose absolute liability for certain types of damage (e. g. dog bites) without requiring scienter.

在一些法域，法律对某些类型的损害规定了绝对责任(例如狗咬人)，而并不要求明知。

2.In some jurisdictions, statutes impose absolute liability for certain types of damage (e. g. dog bites) without requiring scienter.

在一些法域，法律对某些类型的损害规定了绝对责任(例如狗咬人)，而并不要求明知。

3.Of course, society sometimes cares about motives — mens rea and scienter are common considerations in legal matters.

当然，社会有时需要关注动机——犯罪意图和主观故意是法律问题常见的考虑。

4.The defendant acted with scienter, meaning he knowingly engaged in fraudulent activities.

被告以科学家的方式行事，这意味着他明知自己参与了欺诈活动。

5.In securities law, proving scienter is crucial for establishing liability.

在证券法中，证明科学家对建立责任至关重要。

6.The company was found liable because it had acted with scienter when misrepresenting its financial statements.

由于在误报财务报表时表现出科学家，公司被判定承担责任。

7.To win the case, the prosecutor must demonstrate that the defendant possessed scienter during the crime.

为了赢得案件，检察官必须证明被告在犯罪时具有科学家。

8.The judge ruled that there was sufficient evidence of scienter to proceed with the trial.

法官裁定有足够的科学家证据可以继续审判。

作文

In the realm of law and ethics, the term scienter holds significant importance. It refers to a defendant's knowledge of the wrongfulness of their actions at the time they committed an act that caused harm or damage. Understanding scienter is crucial for establishing liability in various legal contexts, particularly in cases involving fraud, securities violations, and other forms of misconduct. Without proving that a party acted with scienter, it can be challenging to hold them accountable for their actions. For instance, consider a scenario where a company misrepresents its financial status to attract investors. If it can be demonstrated that the executives were aware of the misleading information and intentionally deceived investors, then scienter is established. This knowledge shows that the executives acted with a guilty mind, which is a necessary element for proving fraud. In contrast, if the executives genuinely believed the information was accurate, proving scienter becomes more complicated, as their lack of knowledge undermines claims of intentional wrongdoing. Moreover, scienter is not only relevant in civil cases but also in criminal law. Prosecutors must often prove that a defendant had the requisite mental state when committing an offense. For example, in cases of insider trading, the government must establish that the accused knowingly traded based on non-public, material information. This requirement highlights the necessity of scienter in determining culpability; mere negligence or ignorance typically does not suffice for criminal liability. The concept of scienter also extends beyond the courtroom, influencing ethical standards in business practices. Companies are expected to operate transparently and honestly, and those who fail to do so may face reputational damage or regulatory penalties. The awareness that one’s actions could lead to serious consequences often serves as a deterrent against unethical behavior. Therefore, fostering an environment where employees understand the implications of scienter can help organizations maintain integrity and accountability. In conclusion, scienter is a fundamental concept in both legal and ethical discussions. It underscores the importance of knowledge and intent behind actions, especially in matters of fraud and misconduct. By grasping the implications of scienter, individuals and organizations can better navigate legal responsibilities and foster a culture of honesty and transparency. Ultimately, understanding scienter is vital for anyone engaged in activities that could potentially lead to legal scrutiny or ethical dilemmas, ensuring that they operate within the bounds of the law and uphold moral standards.

在法律和伦理领域，术语scienter具有重要意义。它指的是被告在实施导致伤害或损害的行为时，对其行为不当的知识。理解scienter对于在各种法律背景下建立责任至关重要，特别是在涉及欺诈、证券违规和其他不当行为的案件中。如果不能证明一方以scienter行事，就很难追究他们的责任。 例如，考虑一个公司为了吸引投资者而对其财务状况进行误导性陈述的场景。如果可以证明高管们知道这些误导性信息并故意欺骗投资者，那么就建立了scienter。这种知识表明高管们以有罪的心态行事，这是证明欺诈所需的必要要素。相反，如果高管们真诚地相信这些信息是准确的，那么证明scienter就变得更加复杂，因为他们缺乏知识削弱了故意不当行为的主张。 此外，scienter不仅与民事案件相关，而且在刑法中也很重要。检察官通常必须证明被告在实施犯罪时具有必要的心理状态。例如，在内幕交易案件中，政府必须证明被告在基于非公开的重要信息进行交易时是有意识的。这一要求突显了在确定罪责时scienter的必要性；单纯的疏忽或无知通常不足以构成刑事责任。 scienter的概念还超越了法庭，影响着商业实践中的伦理标准。公司被期望以透明和诚实的方式运营，而那些未能做到这一点的人可能面临声誉损害或监管处罚。意识到自己的行为可能导致严重后果，往往作为对不道德行为的威慑。因此，营造一个员工理解scienter影响力的环境，可以帮助组织保持诚信和问责制。 总之，scienter是法律和伦理讨论中的一个基本概念。它强调了行为背后的知识和意图的重要性，尤其是在欺诈和不当行为问题上。通过掌握scienter的含义，个人和组织可以更好地应对法律责任，并促进诚实和透明的文化。最终，理解scienter对于任何参与可能导致法律审查或伦理困境的活动的人来说都是至关重要的，确保他们在法律的界限内运作并维护道德标准。