serfdom

简明释义

英[ˈsɜːfdəm]美[ˈsɜːrfdəm]

n. 农奴境遇；农奴身份

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.RALPH HARRIS: the institute started in 1957, you could say the direct result of the Mont Pelerin Society, of the Road to Serfdom, of Hayek's ideas of freedom and competitive enterprise.

拉尔夫·哈里斯：研究所创建于1957年，可以说是朝圣山学社、《通往奴役的道路》以及哈耶克关于自由和竞争企业的思想的直接产物。

2.NARRATOR: Churchill, who was influenced by Hayek's book The Road to Serfdom, opposed planning and controls.

旁白：受哈耶克《通往奴役之路》一书影响的邱吉尔反对计划和控制。

3.The surviving peasants had better bargaining power and were in a position to change their serfdom into paid labor.

存活的农民处于有利的计价还价地位，从农奴变为雇佣劳动力。

4.For the past few weeks Friedrich Hayek's 1944 classic "The Road to Serfdom" has battled Swedish thrillers and vampire novellas atop Amazon's charts.

在过去的几周里，弗里德里希点•哈耶克1944年发表的经典著作《走向奴役化》在亚马逊图书网销量攀升，直逼榜首的瑞典惊悚小说和吸血鬼小说。

5.Some landlords, unable or unwilling to pay higher wages, tried to force peasants back into serfdom.

于是一些支付 不起或不愿意支付较高工资的地主想方设法迫使农民重返农奴地位。

6.Glenn Beck, a lachrymose Fox News pundit, turned Hayek's "The Road to Serfdom" into an unlikely bestseller earlier this year.

福克斯新闻的煽情评论家格伦·贝克使哈耶克的《通往奴役之路》出人意料的成为今年早些时候的畅销书。

7.We need to use social networks to get heard and this forces us into digital serfdom.

我们需要社交网络来使我们（的声音）被听到，这样一来我们就被迫成为了数码奴役。

8.Feudalism, landed nobles, and serfdom were born.

封建制度、封地贵族和农奴就此诞生。

9.For the poorest, life here is still akin to serfdom—minus a tsarist order.

这里人们最贫穷，像生活在农奴时期，受强权压制。

10.The abolition of serfdom marked a significant turning point in Russian history.

废除农奴制标志着俄罗斯历史上的一个重要转折点。

11.Many peasants were trapped in serfdom for generations, working the land without any rights.

许多农民世世代代被困在农奴制中，耕种土地却没有任何权利。

12.The transition from serfdom to free labor was a complex process that took decades.

从农奴制到自由劳动的过渡是一个复杂的过程，耗时数十年。

13.In some regions, serfdom was replaced by tenant farming, allowing for more freedom.

在某些地区，农奴制被佃农制取代，给予了更多的自由。

14.The concept of serfdom can be traced back to the feudal system prevalent in medieval Europe.

概念上的农奴制可以追溯到中世纪欧洲盛行的封建制度。

作文

The concept of serfdom is an essential aspect of understanding the social and economic structures of medieval Europe. Serfdom, or the condition of being a serf, was characterized by the binding of peasants to the land they worked on, often under the authority of a lord. This system emerged during the feudal period when land ownership was concentrated in the hands of a few noble families, while the majority of the population worked the land without any legal rights to it. The relationship between lords and serfs was complex, involving obligations and protections that defined daily life in the countryside. In many ways, serfdom can be seen as a form of economic exploitation. Serfs were required to give a portion of their harvest to their lords, which left them with barely enough food to sustain their families. Furthermore, they had very limited opportunities for social mobility, as their status was typically inherited from their parents. This lack of freedom meant that serfs could not leave the land without permission, effectively making them bound to their lords for life. Their lives were dictated by the agricultural calendar, and they were often subject to harsh penalties for failing to meet their obligations. Despite the oppressive nature of serfdom, there were some aspects of life that offered a semblance of stability. Many serfs formed tight-knit communities, relying on each other for support and assistance. They celebrated local festivals and maintained traditions that helped to foster a sense of belonging. Additionally, lords were often responsible for providing protection to their serfs from external threats, such as bandits or rival lords, creating a reciprocal relationship where both parties relied on each other for survival. The decline of serfdom began in the late Middle Ages, influenced by various factors including the rise of towns and trade, changes in agricultural practices, and the spread of new ideas about individual rights and freedoms. The Black Death, which decimated the population, also played a crucial role in this transformation. With fewer workers available, serfs found themselves in a stronger bargaining position, demanding better conditions and greater autonomy. This shift ultimately led to the gradual dismantling of the feudal system. Today, the legacy of serfdom continues to shape our understanding of social hierarchies and labor relations. While the specific conditions of serfdom no longer exist, the themes of exploitation and inequality resonate in modern discussions about labor rights and economic justice. By studying serfdom and its implications, we can better appreciate the historical struggles for freedom and dignity that have paved the way for contemporary society. In conclusion, serfdom was not merely a historical curiosity; it was a defining feature of medieval life that influenced the course of European history. Understanding this system provides valuable insights into the dynamics of power, class, and resistance that continue to be relevant today. As we reflect on the past, it is important to recognize the lessons learned from the era of serfdom and to remain vigilant against the forces that seek to exploit and marginalize individuals in our own time.

“农奴制”这个概念是理解中世纪欧洲社会和经济结构的重要方面。“农奴制”，即作为农奴的状态，其特点是农民被绑定在他们所耕作的土地上，通常是在领主的权威之下。这个制度在封建时期出现，当时土地所有权集中在少数贵族家庭手中，而大多数人口则在没有任何法律权利的情况下耕种土地。领主与农奴之间的关系复杂，涉及义务和保护，这些定义了乡村生活的日常。 在许多方面，“农奴制”可以看作是一种经济剥削。农奴被要求将一部分收成交给他们的领主，这使他们几乎没有足够的食物来养活自己的家庭。此外，他们的社会流动机会非常有限，因为他们的身份通常是从父母那里继承的。这种缺乏自由意味着农奴在没有许可的情况下不能离开土地，实际上使他们终生受制于领主。他们的生活受到农业日历的支配，未能履行义务常常会受到严厉惩罚。 尽管“农奴制”的压迫性质，生活中仍然有一些方面提供了一种稳定感。许多农奴形成了紧密团结的社区，依靠彼此提供支持和帮助。他们庆祝地方节日，保持传统，帮助培养归属感。此外，领主通常负责为农奴提供保护，防止外部威胁，例如强盗或竞争领主，从而形成一种相互依赖的关系，双方都依赖对方的生存。 “农奴制”的衰退始于中世纪晚期，受到各种因素的影响，包括城镇和贸易的兴起、农业实践的变化以及关于个人权利和自由的新思想的传播。黑死病的爆发也在这一转变中发挥了重要作用。由于劳动力减少，农奴发现自己处于更强的谈判地位，要求更好的条件和更大的自主权。这一变化最终导致封建制度的逐步解体。 今天，“农奴制”的遗产继续塑造我们对社会等级和劳动关系的理解。虽然具体的农奴制条件不再存在，但剥削和不平等的主题在现代关于劳动权利和经济正义的讨论中仍然引起共鸣。通过研究“农奴制”及其影响，我们可以更好地欣赏为自由和尊严而奋斗的历史斗争，这些斗争为当代社会铺平了道路。 总之，“农奴制”不仅仅是一个历史好奇，它是中世纪生活的一个决定性特征，影响了欧洲历史的进程。理解这一制度为我们提供了对权力、阶级和抵抗动态的宝贵见解，这些在今天仍然具有相关性。当我们反思过去时，重要的是要认识到从“农奴制”时代学到的教训，并在我们自己的时代中保持警惕，抵制那些试图剥削和边缘化个体的力量。