utilitarianism

简明释义

英[ˌjuːtɪlɪˈteəriənɪzəm]美[ˌjuːtɪlɪˈteriənɪzəm]

n. 功利主义；实用主义

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Prioritarianism therefore makes for a relatively high discount rate; utilitarianism makes for a lower one.

因此，优先主义理论产生了高折现率；功利主义理论则产生了一个相对更低的。

2.If you think utilitarianism is so strong it will definitely get into trouble.

如果你思考问题功利性很强的话，肯定会遇到麻烦的。

3.Utilitarianism is a doctrine fit only for swine.

就认为，功利主义就是猪的哲学。

4.The so-called utilitarianism is the ideological and theory with the standard of utilitarian or efficiency.

所谓功利主义，就是一种以功利或效率为主要价值标准的思想与学说。

5.Utilitarianism provides a plausible framework for deciding who should get trampled.

功利主义者为打压提供了一种合理的理论。

6.Rule utilitarianism holds that utility only applies to classes of actions rather than to individual actions.

规则效用主义认为效用主义应该用于一类行为，而不是用于一种行为。

7.The Utilitarianism is divided into tow parts, the Classic Utilitarianism and the Modern Utilitarianism.

功利主义亦称功用主义，分为古典功利主义与现代功利主义。

8.So, let me start today, Kant rejects utilitarianism.

那么，让我们就此开始。

9.In philosophy classes, we often discuss utilitarianism 功利主义 as a moral theory that advocates for actions that maximize happiness.

在哲学课堂上，我们经常讨论utilitarianism 功利主义，作为一种主张最大化幸福的道德理论。

10.Many politicians adopt a utilitarianism 功利主义 approach when making decisions that affect the majority of the population.

许多政治家在做出影响大多数人群的决策时采用utilitarianism 功利主义的方法。

11.The debate over healthcare policies often revolves around utilitarianism 功利主义 and the greatest good for the greatest number.

关于医疗政策的辩论往往围绕着utilitarianism 功利主义和为最多人谋取最大利益展开。

12.Critics argue that utilitarianism 功利主义 can justify immoral actions if they lead to a greater overall benefit.

批评者认为，如果某些行为能带来更大的整体利益，utilitarianism 功利主义可能会为不道德的行为辩护。

13.In environmental ethics, utilitarianism 功利主义 is often used to evaluate the impact of human actions on the planet.

在环境伦理学中，utilitarianism 功利主义常用于评估人类行为对地球的影响。

作文

Utilitarianism is a philosophical theory that suggests that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, typically defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people. This ethical framework was developed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. The core idea behind utilitarianism (功利主义) is that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome, specifically the happiness or pleasure it generates. In practical terms, utilitarianism (功利主义) encourages individuals and societies to consider the consequences of their actions before proceeding. For example, when making a decision about public policy, a utilitarian approach would involve evaluating the potential benefits and harms to the population. If a particular policy is likely to result in greater overall happiness, it would be deemed the right choice. One of the strengths of utilitarianism (功利主义) is its straightforwardness; it provides a clear method for making ethical decisions based on measurable outcomes. This can be particularly useful in fields like economics, healthcare, and environmental policy, where the impacts of decisions can often be quantified. For instance, when allocating resources in healthcare, a utilitarian perspective might prioritize treatments that benefit the largest number of patients, even if this means that some individuals may not receive the most expensive or advanced care. However, utilitarianism (功利主义) is not without its criticisms. One major concern is that it can lead to justifying actions that may be considered morally wrong if they result in a net increase in happiness. For instance, if sacrificing one individual could save many others, a strictly utilitarian view might condone this action, raising ethical dilemmas about justice and individual rights. Critics argue that utilitarianism (功利主义) fails to account for the importance of fairness and the intrinsic value of each person. Moreover, measuring utility can be challenging. Happiness and well-being are subjective experiences that vary from person to person. What brings joy to one individual may not have the same effect on another. This variability makes it difficult to calculate the overall utility of a particular action accurately. Additionally, utilitarianism (功利主义) can sometimes promote short-term gains at the expense of long-term sustainability, as immediate pleasures may overshadow future consequences. Despite these challenges, utilitarianism (功利主义) remains a significant and influential theory in ethics. It has been applied in various domains, including law, politics, and business, influencing how decisions are made and evaluated. Many contemporary discussions around social justice, environmental ethics, and global health can trace their roots back to utilitarian principles. In conclusion, utilitarianism (功利主义) offers a compelling framework for considering the consequences of our actions and striving for the greatest good. While it presents certain ethical challenges, its emphasis on the collective well-being encourages us to think critically about the impact of our choices on society. As we navigate complex moral landscapes, the principles of utilitarianism (功利主义) can serve as a guiding light, reminding us of our responsibility to consider the broader implications of our actions on the world around us.

功利主义是一种哲学理论，建议最佳行为是最大化效用的行为，通常定义为产生最大数量人群的最大幸福感。这一伦理框架由杰里米·边沁和约翰·斯图亚特·密尔等哲学家在18世纪末和19世纪初发展起来。功利主义的核心思想是，一个行为的道德价值由其结果决定，特别是它所产生的幸福或快乐。 在实践中，功利主义鼓励个人和社会在采取行动之前考虑其后果。例如，在制定公共政策时，功利主义的方法会涉及评估对人群的潜在利益和伤害。如果某一政策可能导致整体幸福感的增加，那么它就被认为是正确的选择。 功利主义的一个优点是其简单明了；它提供了一种基于可衡量结果做出伦理决策的清晰方法。这在经济学、医疗保健和环境政策等领域尤其有用，因为决策的影响往往可以量化。例如，在医疗保健资源分配时，功利主义的观点可能会优先考虑能够惠及最多患者的治疗，即使这意味着一些个体可能无法获得最昂贵或最先进的护理。 然而，功利主义并非没有批评。一个主要的担忧是，它可能导致正当化那些在道德上被认为错误的行为，如果这些行为导致净幸福的增加。例如，如果牺牲一个人可以拯救更多的人，严格的功利主义观点可能会认可这一行为，引发关于正义和个人权利的伦理困境。批评者认为，功利主义未能考虑公平的重要性和每个人的内在价值。 此外，衡量效用可能很具挑战性。幸福和福祉是主观体验，在不同人之间存在差异。给一个人带来快乐的事物，可能对另一个人没有同样的效果。这种变异性使得准确计算特定行为的整体效用变得困难。此外，功利主义有时可能会促进短期收益，而牺牲长期可持续性，因为即时的快乐可能掩盖未来的后果。 尽管面临这些挑战，功利主义仍然是伦理学中一个重要且有影响力的理论。它在法律、政治和商业等各个领域得到了应用，影响着决策的制定和评估。许多关于社会正义、环境伦理和全球健康的当代讨论都可以追溯到功利主义原则。 总之，功利主义提供了一个引人注目的框架，让我们考虑我们行为的后果，并努力追求最大的利益。虽然它提出了某些伦理挑战，但其对集体福祉的重视鼓励我们批判性地思考我们的选择对社会的影响。在我们应对复杂的道德领域时，功利主义的原则可以作为指引，提醒我们考虑我们的行为对周围世界的更广泛影响。