variola

简明释义

英[vəˈraɪələ]美[vəˈraɪələ]

n. [内科]天花；痘症

n. （Variola）人名；（意）瓦廖拉；（芬）瓦里奥拉

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.The vaccinia virus is a non-dangerous virus used in the smallpox vaccine because it is related to the variola virus, which is the agent of smallpox.

痘苗病毒使用在牛痘苗时是无害的，因为它与作为传播天花媒介物的天花病毒相关。

2.Destroying the remaining stocks of variola is seen by some countries as the final chapter in eradicating the disease to prevent the risk of accidental release.

一些国家认为，销毁剩余的天花病毒库存是消除这种疾病以防止意外释放危险的终章。

3.These include giant cells associated with variola, herpes simplex and parainfluenza.

这些包括有关天花、疱疹以及副流感的巨细胞。

4.Variola virus belongs to the genus of orthopoxvirus, and there are some other infectious members, such as Vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, and monkeypox virus.

在正痘病毒属还有另外几种病毒对人具有一定的感染性，如痘苗病毒、牛痘病毒和猴痘病毒。

5.This research was recommended by the WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus research in November 2004, and is intended to develop better medicines, vaccines and diagnostics for smallpox.

这项研究是由世卫组织天花病毒研究咨询委员会2004年11月建议的，旨在针对天花开发更好的药物、疫苗和诊断办法。

6.The WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus research has continued to oversee and report on the research plan.

世卫组织天花病毒研究咨询委员会一直在监督和报告研究计划的情况。

7.The World Health Organization declared that the eradication of variola 天花 was one of the greatest achievements in public health.

世界卫生组织宣称，消灭variola 天花是公共卫生领域最大的成就之一。

8.In the past, outbreaks of variola 天花 caused high mortality rates worldwide.

在过去，variola 天花的爆发导致全球高死亡率。

9.Vaccination against variola 天花 was implemented to prevent the disease from spreading.

为了防止疾病传播，实施了对variola 天花的疫苗接种。

10.Research on variola 天花 has contributed significantly to our understanding of viral diseases.

对variola 天花的研究对我们理解病毒性疾病做出了重要贡献。

11.The symptoms of variola 天花 include fever, fatigue, and a distinctive rash.

感染variola 天花的症状包括发热、疲劳和明显的皮疹。

作文

Variola is a term that refers to the virus responsible for smallpox, a disease that has had a profound impact on human history. Smallpox was a highly contagious and deadly disease that caused significant morbidity and mortality before it was eradicated in 1980 following a successful global vaccination campaign. Understanding the history and implications of variola is crucial for appreciating the advancements in public health and vaccination strategies that have shaped modern medicine. The origins of variola can be traced back thousands of years, with evidence suggesting that it may have existed as early as 10,000 BC. The disease was characterized by fever, body aches, and a distinctive rash that developed into pus-filled blisters. Throughout history, smallpox outbreaks decimated populations, particularly in Europe and the Americas, where indigenous people had no prior exposure to the virus. It is estimated that smallpox killed over 300 million people in the 20th century alone before its eradication. The fight against variola began in earnest in the late 18th century when Edward Jenner discovered the principle of vaccination. Jenner observed that milkmaids who contracted cowpox, a less severe disease, seemed to be immune to smallpox. He hypothesized that exposure to cowpox could protect against variola, leading to the first successful smallpox vaccine. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for immunology and paved the way for future vaccines. Despite the introduction of vaccination, smallpox continued to pose a threat for over a century. It wasn't until the mid-20th century that a coordinated global effort, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), aimed to eradicate smallpox. This initiative involved mass vaccination campaigns, surveillance of outbreaks, and the containment of cases. By 1980, the WHO declared that variola had been completely eradicated, making it the first disease to be eliminated through human intervention. The eradication of variola is considered one of the greatest achievements in public health. It demonstrated the effectiveness of vaccination and highlighted the importance of global cooperation in combating infectious diseases. The lessons learned from the smallpox eradication campaign continue to inform current strategies for controlling other infectious diseases, such as polio and measles. However, the legacy of variola is not without controversy. While the world celebrates the eradication of smallpox, concerns remain about the potential use of the virus as a bioweapon. Stockpiles of variola virus are maintained in secure laboratories for research purposes, raising ethical questions about the risks associated with its study and potential misuse. In conclusion, the term variola represents more than just a virus; it embodies the struggle of humanity against a formidable disease that once claimed millions of lives. The story of smallpox serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of vaccination, global cooperation, and ongoing vigilance in the face of emerging infectious diseases. As we look to the future, understanding the history of variola will help guide our efforts in maintaining public health and preventing the resurgence of diseases that have been effectively controlled or eradicated. The fight against infectious diseases is far from over, and the lessons learned from variola will remain relevant as we navigate new challenges in global health.

变异病毒是指引起天花的病毒，这种疾病对人类历史产生了深远的影响。天花是一种高度传染性和致命的疾病，在1980年通过成功的全球疫苗接种运动被根除之前，造成了显著的发病率和死亡率。理解变异病毒的历史和影响对于欣赏公共卫生和疫苗接种策略的发展至关重要，这些发展塑造了现代医学。 变异病毒的起源可以追溯到数千年前，有证据表明它可能早在公元前10000年就已经存在。这种疾病的特征是发热、身体疼痛和发展成脓疱的独特皮疹。在历史上，天花疫情严重削弱了人口，特别是在欧洲和美洲，那里的土著人民对这种病毒没有先前的暴露。据估计，仅在20世纪，天花就杀死了超过3亿人，才最终被根除。 与变异病毒作斗争的努力始于18世纪末，当时爱德华·詹纳发现了疫苗接种的原理。詹纳观察到，感染过牛痘（一种较轻微的疾病）的奶妈似乎对天花免疫。他假设接触牛痘可以保护人们免受变异病毒的侵害，从而导致了第一个成功的小儿麻痹症疫苗的问世。这一突破性的发现为免疫学奠定了基础，并为未来的疫苗铺平了道路。 尽管疫苗接种的引入，天花在一个多世纪内仍然构成威胁。直到20世纪中叶，世界卫生组织（WHO）领导了一项协调的全球努力，旨在根除天花。这一倡议涉及大规模疫苗接种运动、疫情监测和病例控制。1980年，WHO宣布变异病毒已完全根除，使其成为通过人类干预消灭的第一种疾病。 变异病毒的根除被认为是公共卫生领域最大的成就之一。它展示了疫苗接种的有效性，并强调了全球合作在应对传染病方面的重要性。从小儿麻痹症疫苗接种运动中获得的经验教训继续为控制其他传染病（如脊髓灰质炎和麻疹）提供信息。 然而，变异病毒的遗产并非没有争议。尽管世界庆祝天花的根除，但人们仍然担心这种病毒作为生物武器的潜在使用。为了研究目的，安全实验室中保存着变异病毒的库存，引发了关于其研究和潜在滥用风险的伦理问题。 总之，术语变异病毒不仅仅代表一种病毒；它体现了人类与一种曾经夺去数百万生命的可怕疾病之间的斗争。天花的故事是对疫苗接种、全球合作和在面对新出现的传染病时保持警惕的重要提醒。展望未来，理解变异病毒的历史将有助于指导我们在维护公共卫生和防止有效控制或根除的疾病复发方面的努力。与传染病的斗争远未结束，从变异病毒中学习到的教训在我们应对全球健康中的新挑战时将始终相关。